Internet Glossary
Unfamiliar or unclear about a term or concept related to Web hosting services or Domain registration? This glossary gives meaning to much of the commonly used vocabulary associated with Web Hosting and the Internet. Simply click on any alphabetical category to quickly find the word you're looking for.
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Radio Button
A form field that presents the user with a selection that can be chosen by clicking on a button. Radio buttons are presented in a list, one of which is selected by default. Selecting a new member of the list deselects the currently selected item.
RAID / Redundant Array of Independent Disks
Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks, Type of disk, often used on servers, where several physical disks are combined into an array for better speed and fault tolerance.
Level 0 implements data striping where file blocks are written to separate drives, does not provide fault tolerance, because failure of one drive will result in data loss.
Level 1 implements data mirroring. Data is duplicated on two drives either through software or hardware. Provides faster read performance than a single drive
Level 2 - not used in practice, Data is split at bit level at written to multiple drives.
Level 3 - requires at least 3 drives. Data block is striped at byte level across drives and error correction codes (parity info) are recorder on another drive. Provides fault tolerance but slower writing performance.
Level 4 - Similar to Level 3 but provides faster performance because it uses blocks for striping.
Level 5 - Similar to Level 4 but improves performance but also striping parity info across multiple drives.
Level 6 - Similar to Level 5 but also uses second parity scheme for better fault tolerance.
Level 7 - Proprietary RAID design by Storage Computer Corporation. Faster than other levels because it uses multiple levels of cache and asynchronous I/O transfers.
In addition multiple RAID levels can be combined to improve performance or reliability
Raw Logs
Raw access data updated in real-time that can be downloaded and used by any statistics program, Typically each line show the user's IP, date and time of the access, what kind of request was done, which document was requested, HTTP status code, bytes transferred, referrer, and user agent info. If a host doesn't have statistics, you'll need access to raw logs to identify who your site's visitors are. Analyzing raw logs can also provide more detailed look at site accesses than stats
RealAudio® and RealVideo®
Real Audio/Video is a client-server based streaming media delivery system for the Internet. Both the browser and the server must have RealAudio/Video components for it to work. You can create and deliver audio/video-based streaming multimedia content from your web site.
Realnames
A commercial system designed to take the pain out of remembering and using URLS. The RealNames system assigns real, simple words to complex Web addresses, so that they can be accessed through a direct navigation system rather than a hit-and-miss Search Engine-based process.
Real-time
The transmission of data in the real-world present according to our experience of time. Real-time communications are usually synchronous, like telephone conversations, video-conferencing, MUDs, and "live" satellite broadcasts. The Internet can be used for real-time communications and information delivery, and there are already successful implementations of real-time video and audio on the Net.
Recurring Fees
This refers to regular, usually monthly, charges for maintaining a merchant account. Recurring fees include the discount rate, transaction fees, statement fee, and monthly minimum.
Redirect
By using particular HTML - code in a Web page, one can redirect the visitor seamlessly to another Web page.
Re-engineering
The examination and modification of a system to reconstitute it in a new form and the subsequent implementation of the new form - More information.
Registered User
A user of a Website with a recorded name and password.
Register (Domain Name)
Since every domain is unique, registries have been set up to assign domains to individuals and organizations. When a domain is registered with the appropriate registry, that domain is assigned and becomes no longer available for anyone else to use. Typically, there are registrations and renewal fees (local registry fees) associated with the right to use a domain. However, there are some TLDs that are provided at no charge
Registrar (Domain Name)
Some registries don't provide the ability for end users to register domains with them directly. They might require end users to purchase the domain through an internet provider that is acting as the registrar.
Registry (Domain Name)
An organization responsible for assigning domain names for the TLD that they manage. Furthermore, it is their responsibility to update the global DNS tables that all nameserver use to resolve domain names. For example, InterNIC is the registry for .COM, .NET and .ORG domain names
Registration Authority
A company that verifies requests for a digital certificate and authorizes the relevant certificate authority to issue it.
Relational DBMS
A DBMS based on the relational model developed by Codd. It allows the definition of data structures, storage and retrieval operations, and integrity constraints. In such a database, the data and relations between them are organized in tables. INGRES and Oracle are well-known examples.
Relative URL
The Internet address of a page or other World Wide Web resource with respect to the Internet address of the current page. A relative URL gives the path from the current location of the page to the location of the destination page or resource. A relative URL can optionally include a protocol, for example, the relative URL doc/sample.htm refers to the page sample.htm in the directory doc, below the current directory.
Remailer
An Internet site that allows people to send anonymous E-mail.
Remote Access
Access to a computer system or network from a distant location, usually by dialing in with a modem.
Renewal (Domain Name)
Most TLDs need to be renewed at some scheduled yearly interval. This is an opportunity for both the registrant and the registry to update their records as well as collect any applicable renewal fees
Reseller Hosting
Reseller hosting is the provision of web hosting services to other companies. The reseller can buy the services and repackage it, and act as Web hosts companies for other companies, under its own company or brand name, usually repackaging it and/or adding something to it.
Resolution (domain Name)
The conversion of an internet address or domain name into the corresponding physical location
RFC / Request For Comments
The documents that contain the standards and other information for the TCP/IP protocols and the Internet in general. They can be found at several sites through anonymous FTP.
RISC / Reduced Instruction Set Computer
One whose design is based on the rapid execution of a sequence of simple instructions rather than on the provision of a large variety of complex instructions.
RJ-11
A standard connector that is used to connect to the telephone line
RJ-45
A standard connector that is used to connect to the Ethernet network
Roaming
The ability to access one or several mobile networks from any point of attachment, either by taking a mobile terminal along (terminal roaming), or by inserting an User Identification Module (UIM) in different Terminals (UIM Roaming)
Robot
An autonomous program set to perform a task over a network, like indexing file contents on servers or checking hypertext links in Web files. See spider.
ROT13
A simple encryption scheme for text messages, it which each letter of the alphabet is rotated with the one 13 places behind or ahead of it.
Router
A device that decides how and where to send Internet traffic. A router examines the address information carried by each packet as it arrives at a network and chooses the best route to send it to its final destination.
RSA
A powerful encryption scheme based on principles of Public Key Cryptography. It is named after its creator - Rivest, Shamir and Adleman.
RSAC
A system for rating the content to websites, commonly built into browsers and other online products.
RSS / Rich Site Summary
RSS is an XML grammar for sharing data. RSS was first developed by Netscape to drive channels for Netscape Netcentre.
RSVP / Resource Reservation Protocol
RSVP is a new emerging protocol that allows channels on the Internet to be reserved for the multicast transmission of video and other high-bandwidth messages.
RTF / Rich Text Format
A method of encoding text formatting and document structure using the ASCII character set. By convention, RTF files have an RTF filename extension.
RTFM / Read The F**king Manual
A reply to a query which could have been answered by reading instructions
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