Internet Glossary
Unfamiliar or unclear about a term or concept related to Web hosting services or Domain registration? This glossary gives meaning to much of the commonly used vocabulary associated with Web Hosting and the Internet. Simply click on any alphabetical category to quickly find the word you're looking for.
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SCO / Santa Cruz Operation
The Santa Cruz Operation, a leading supplier of UNIX systems for systems based on Intel microprocessors. Suppliers of XENIX and Open Desktop
Screen Resolution
The number of dots per square inch (dpi) displayed on a screen. The higher the number of dots, the better the resolution
Script
A simple program or sequence of instructions that is carried out by another program. All sorts of programs use scripts as a way of automating procedures or carrying out simple tasks.
Scripting Language
A programming language in which programs are the series of commands that are interpreted and then executed one by one, Doesn't require the compilation phase, for the price of lower performance
SDMI / Secure Digital Music Initiative
A scheme developed by a consortium of music industry heavyweights and technology companies to prevent the piracy of music on the Internet.
Search Engine
Software that finds things on the Internet, usually a dedicated website. One way or another, most Web users eventually find their way to one of the big names such as AltaVista or Yahoo, because, though far from perfect, they are the only way of finding information in the vastness of the Internet.
Search form
An online form in which a query to the WebPages database is specified
Search indexer
A search engine uses search indexer to provide faster search
Secure Server
Secure Server is a web server or other computers connected to the Internet that is capable of establishing encrypted communication with clients, generally using SSL or SET.
Security
A condition that results from the establishment and maintenance of protective measures that ensures a state of inviolability from hostile acts or influences. With respect to classified matter, the condition that prevents unauthorized persons from having access to official information that is safeguarded in the interests of national security.
Security Certificate
A chunk of information (often stored as a text file) that is used by the SSL protocol to establish a secure connection; Security Certificates contain information about which it belongs to, who it was issued by, a unique serial number or other unique identification, valid dates, and an encrypted 'fingerprint' that can be used to verify the contents of the certificate. In order for an SSL connection to be created both sides must have a valid Security Certificate
Self-extracting Archive
An archived file that is also an executable program, The original archived file is decompressed when that program is run
Sendmail
The Unix implementation of the SMTP protocol, used to deliver E-mail.
Server
A computer, or a software package, that provides a specific kind of service to client software running on other computers. The term can refer to a particular piece of software, such as a WWW server, or to the machine on which the software is running, e.g. Our mail server is down today, that's why e-mail isn't getting out. A single server machine could have several different server software packages running on it, thus providing many different servers to clients on the network
Server Farm
A group of computers configured as servers gathered together in a single location.
Servlet
A small Java program that runs on a server; in essence, the server equivalent of an Applet
Session
All the data exchange between two parties, starting when the connection is established and ending when connection terminates
SET / Secure Electronic Transaction
A secure payment protocol developed by MasterCard and Visa designed to ensure security for bank card transactions over the Internet. It denies merchants access to credit card information, thus keeping it secure between the shopper and the bank.
SET Mark
Logo assuring that the software being used has been certified for facilitation of SET transactions.
SETI / Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence
This is a "passive" search in that we are listening for signals. This does not presently involve the "active" means of transmitting, be it in the microwave or optical regime. If we transmit such a signal, the activity would then be called "CETI" -Communications with ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence. It should make no preconceived assumptions about what constitutes the best part of the electromagnetic spectrum for such means of signaling.
Setup Fees
Fees that are charged for establishing a merchant account, including application fees, software licensing fees, and equipment purchases.
SGML / Standard Generalized Markup Language
A generic markup language for representing documents. SGML is a system for defining structured document types, and markup languages to represent instances of those document types.
Shared Hosting / Shared Web Hosting
Shared Hosting allows you to host your website using your own domain name, on a server you share with other users who will also share the server's resources.
Shell
A Unix term for the "outer" user-access level (command line) to the inner functions (the "kernel") of the operating system; it is now used to apply to almost any command line interface with a program. A modem dial-in account in text-only mode on a Unix Internet server is referred to as a "shell account" because commands (for email or Internet file transfers, for example) are typed in on a command line at a system prompt, the user's "shell" for access to the computer. The MS-DOS command line at the "C:\>" or other prompt is also known as the "DOS shell."
Shell Script
A program written to be interpreted by the shell of an operating system, especially UNIX.
Shock ware
A popular PLUG-IN for Web pages used by designers to add sophisticated multimedia features to their sites.
Shopping Cart
Software that allows users to select products from a Web catalog, modify their choices, calculate prices, review their choices, and order them. Many hosts with e-commerce plans offer installed shopping carts, but you can always get a shopping cart of your choice instead
Shopping Cart Program
Shopping Cart Program is a software package that runs as part of a web site to collect and record purchasing decisions by a visitor. Shopping cart programs are stored on web servers.
S-HTTP Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol
A secure version of HTTP, developed by Netscape that provides general transaction security services over the Web.
Signature
A few lines of text that are automatically attached at the end of each email message by the email client. Usually it's some personal identification or an (un)interesting quote
Signed applet
An applet that has a digital signature to confirm that it originates from the legitimate server
Site map
A site map helps users to navigate through the site to find the information that they are looking for faster.
SLIP / Serial Line Interface Protocol
A data communications standard to connect to the Internet across a Modem-based link.
S/MIME
Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions - a way of making email messages more secure. S/MIME uses digital certificates to attest the message origin and encryption to ensure that message could not be read while in transit
Smiley
Characters used in text-only communications to convey emotions. Example: check our detailed list of smiley Here
SMDS
(Switched Multimegabit Data Service) -- A new standard for very high-speed data transfer
SMS / Short Messaging Service
A way for mobile phone users to send each short text messages from the keypads of their GSM phones.
SMTP / Simple Mail Transport Protocol
The standard way of transferring e-mail from one computer to another on the Internet.
Snail Mail
A normal paper mail delivered by the Post Office
SNMP
(Simple Network Management Protocol) A most widespread protocol used for network management
Socket
When your computer is on the Internet via a SLIP connection, a socket is a conversation your computer is having with a computer elsewhere on the net. You may have one socket for an FTP session, another socket for a Telnet session, and another socket taking care of getting your mail
Source Code
The original code of a computer program. Unlike executable binary code or bytecode, which has been turned into the ones and zeros that computer understand, source code can be read by humans, albeit rather specialized ones.
SPAM or Spamming
Junk e-mail; Sending the same unrequested file/commercial e-mail to many people
Spammer
Someone who sends spam to people or newsgroups
SPAM filter
Using a SPAM filter, you can sort out unwanted e-mail messages. We use SPAM Assassin software to filter unwanted e-mails. Usually the SPAM Assassin software with the default settings that we offer will successfully filter 85-95% of all unwanted e-mail messages. If you devote sufficient amounts of time and attention to the additional settings of the SPAM filter, you can considerably increase this percentage to 95-99% combining it with the additional manual settings of the e-mail filter!
Spider
A type of robot program that autonomously travels the Web from server to server and indexes the contents of publicly-accessible files found on the servers. Also called Web walkers, crawlers, and worms, Spiders are used by search engines for creating searchable indices of Net and Web files.
SPX
(Sequenced Packet Exchange) A proprietary Novell network protocol used in conjunction with IPX
SQL
Structured Query Language is a specialized query language for requesting information from a database. Servers which can handle SQL are known as SQL servers.
SQL Server
Microsoft SQL Server is a database management system. It is portable, reliable, flexible, fast, and easy to manage. SQL Server has been developed specifically to take advantage of the best features Microsoft Windows NT has to offer. It is optimized for the multithreaded, preemptive multiprocessing kernel of Windows NT. The many features and options in SQL Server are geared toward multiple users who need concurrent access to high volumes of data.
SSH / Secure Shell
SSH is a UNIX-based command interface and protocol for securely log into another computer over a network. It allows you to Telnet into your account securely to control Web and other kinds of servers remotely.
SSI / Server Side Includes
Server side includes (or SSI) is a set of tags which can be used within HTML pages to be replaced by something else, added ("included") by the server. An example might be that you have one file with copyright information which goes on the bottom of every page. By using a SSI tag, you could tell the server to replace every tag on every page with the copyright information. The benefit is that you could have one file containing the copyright information that gets placed on hundreds of pages on your site. By updating the single page, all the others are instantly updated when loaded by the server. On most servers you must use a filename extension of ".shtml" in order for SSI tags to operate
SSL
SSL is a protocol designed to allow encrypted, authenticated communications across the Internet. SSL is included as part of both the Microsoft and Netscape browsers and most Web server products. Developed by Netscape, SSL also gained the support of Microsoft and other Internet client/server developers as well and became the de facto standard until evolving into Transport Layer Security
Stanford University
An academic institution of unrivalled influence in the high-tech world
Start-Up
A new business venture, especially in the high-technology area.
Static (or dedicated) IP
It means that the site is assigned a unique and unchanging IP address.
Statistics Report
Detailed information regarding your Web site, including the number of hits, the source of those hits, most popular pages and amount of data transferred, as well as other useful information
Steganography
The science of communication in a way that hides the existence of the communication
Stickiness
A highly valued but generally unmeasurable quality of a website that keeps its visitors hanging around or encourages them to come back often.
STP
Shielded Twisted Pair, Cabling consisting of pairs of insulated wires wrapped in metal to minimize interference
Streaming Media
Audio, video and other content sequences that can be played as they arrive.
Style Sheet
A template attached to a Web page that describes how it should look.
Sub domain
Sub domain is a way to divide your site into sections with short and easy to remember names. For example, a section of this site for new users could be at newbies.cyberlogichost.com. Other use of sub domains might be to let somebody else use your account (but this may not be allowed by your host's terms of use). Large websites might make their sub domains point to another server to reduce load on the main www site
Sun Microsystems
The creator of Java and a major player in the development of new Internet technologies
SunOS
The version of UNIX running on Sun workstations
Surfing
Using world wide web is often referred to as "surfing the web"
Switch
A switch is a network device that forwards packets. Switches are more intelligent than hubs in a sense that they forward packets only to the necessary ports and not to all the ports .
Synchronous
At the same time; Telephone conversations, Internet Talk, Internet Relay Chat, and MUDs are forms of synchronous communications, in which communications are undertaken with the assumption of unnoticeable time intervals between exchanges. Today, many phone communications are asynchronous, since we use voice mail and answering machines that allow intervals between communication exchanges.
Sysop
(System Operator) -- Anyone responsible for the physical operations of a computer system or network resource. A System Administrator decides how often backups and maintenance should be performed and the System Operator performs those tasks
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